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Solar Sizing and Density Calculator (MWp/Ha)

Optimize the technical design of your solar plant. Calculate installable capacity based on GCR, Pitch and module efficiency for Utility Scale projects.

How to estimate power in large solar plants

The first step in developing a solar project (Greenfield) is determining the land's hosting capacity. Unlike residential self-consumption, where the limit is the roof, in Utility Scale plants the limiting factor is usually the grid connection point or the usable land area.

Our calculator uses industry standard density ratios (2025-2026) to offer a realistic viability estimate before contracting detailed engineering.

Comparison Table: Fixed Structure vs. Trackers

Characteristic Fixed Structure Solar Tracker (1-Axis)
Density (MWp/Ha) High (~1.0 - 1.2) Medium (~0.6 - 0.8)
Typical GCR 45% - 55% 30% - 40%
Production (Yield) Base +15% to +25%
Land Use Efficient (Less Ha/MW) Extensive (More Ha/MW)

Key Factors: GCR and Pitch

Density is not a fixed number. It depends mainly on two design variables:

  • Pitch: The distance between the start of one row of modules and the next.
  • GCR (Ground Coverage Ratio): The ratio between the capture area (modules) and the total land area. GCR = Row width / Pitch.

To maximize density, we increase GCR, but we also increase shading losses in the first and last hours of the day.

Manual Calculation

// Simplified formula

Total Power (W) = Area (m²) × GCR × Module Efficiency


// Practical example

1 Ha (10,000 m²) with GCR 0.5 and 21% Eff. Panel

10,000 × 0.5 × 210 W/m² ≈ 1.05 MWp

Case Study: Profitability by Zone

Geographic location dramatically affects revenue. The same 50 MWp design will have very different economic returns in Northern vs Southern Spain.

Northern Zone

Galicia, Cantabria

  • Irradiation: Low
  • Yield: ~1150 kWh/kWp
  • Profitability: Medium

Central Zone

Madrid, Castilla-La Mancha

  • Irradiation: High
  • Yield: ~1600 kWh/kWp
  • Profitability: Very High

Rest of Europe

Germany, France

  • Irradiation: Variable
  • Yield: ~1000 kWh/kWp
  • Profitability: Low*

*Compensated by higher energy prices (PPA).

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